Baturin lityam na ionik
Baturin lithium na ion ya zama muhimmin ɓangare a cikin nau'ikan na'urori da motoci da dama, daga kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka da wayoyin salula zuwa motocin haɗe-haɗe da na lantarki. Amfaninsu ya haɗa da yawan kuzari, iya sake caji da nauyi mai sauƙi (har zuwa 70% sauƙi fiye da baturin acid na gubar); ƙarin tsaro ba tare da samar da sharar guba kamar yadda baturin acid na gubar ke yi ba; ƙari ga haka, ba sa samar da sharar guba kamar yadda baturin acid na gubar ke yi; don haka masu kera su suna aiki ba gajiya wajen haɓaka ingantattun kayan cathode/anode, electrolytes masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke tabbatar da batura masu babban ƙarfin ajiya don amfani cikin aminci – domin kiyaye waɗannan fa'idodi!
Sabbin ƙirƙira sun haɗa da baturin lithium na ionik wanda ke amfani da poly(ionic liquid) a matsayin electrolyte maimakon amfani da sinadaran narkar da iskar gas masu saurin shuɗewa kamar cobalt a cikin batura lithium-ion na yanzu. Wannan ci gaban juyin juya hali yana ba da alƙawarin samun yawan makamashi mafi girma a farashi mafi ƙasa tare da rage dogaro ga ƙwayoyin ƙarfe masu tsada da wahala kamar cobalt da ake samu a batura lithium-ion na yau.
Baturin lithium na ionik sun ƙunshi anoda, katoda, rarrabewa da electrolyte; inda anoda ke adana ions na lithium yayin da katoda ke aiki a matsayin wurin adana electrons; yayin da rarrabewa ke hana yawo na electrons a cikin baturin. A ƙarshe, electrolyte na ɗaukar ions na lithium masu caji mai kyau tsakanin anode da cathode yayin fitar da caji, sannan ya mayar da su anode yayin caji ta hanyar tsarin intercalation/deintercalation da ke faruwa a lokaci guda – wannan tsari ana kiransa intercalation/deintercalation a cikin harshen fasaha.
Anode, wanda galibi aka yi shi da graphite, ana haɗa shi da cathode da aka yi daga sulfides ko nitrides na ƙarfe marasa ƙonewa domin adana ions na lithium ta hanyar intercalation, inda ake saka su tsakanin layukan carbon na 2D da ke haɗa graphite gaba ɗaya, don dalilan ajiya. Fitar wutar sel tana haɗa anoda da ke fuskantar rabin-reakshen oksidation wanda ke sakin kwayoyin lithium masu caji mai kyau, yayin da a lokaci guda ake samar da electrons masu caji mara kyau ta hanyar wata kewaye ta waje; a lokacin fitar wutar, anoda tana fuskantar rabin-reakshen oksidation wanda ke samar da kwayoyin lithium masu caji mai kyau, yayin da electrons masu caji mara kyau ke bi ta wata kewaye ta waje zuwa katoda inda rabin-reakshen redukshen ke faruwa kuma wutar lantarki ke yawo ta wannan kewaye.
Akwai nau'uka da dama, kamar baturin lithium ion na 72v, baturin lithium na 12 volt 20ah, baturin lithium na 20ah. Dole ne aukuwar oksidation-redukshan ta faru a mafi dacewar zafin jiki da yanayi; in ba haka ba, manyan canje-canjen tsari na iya rage ƙarfin baturi sosai da rage yawan zagayen caji da cire wuta (ma'aunin yawan caji da cire wuta da baturi zai iya ɗauka kafin ƙarfin sa ya fara raguwa), wanda zai iya ƙara matsin lamba a cikin ƙwayar baturi, yana haifar da barazanar tsaro ga na'urorin hannu kamar kwamfutar hannu da wayoyin salula.
